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A Population-Based Analysis of Long-Term Outcomes Among Older Adults Requiring Unexpected Intensive Care Unit Admission After Cancer Surgery

Abstract Background High-intensity cancer surgery is increasingly common among older adults. However, these patients are at high-risk for unexpected intensive care unit (ICU) admissions after […]

Pain and haemorrhage are the most common reasons for emergency department use and hospital admission in adults following ambulatory surgery: results of a population-based cohort study

Abstract Background Advances in healthcare delivery have allowed for the increase in the number of ambulatory surgery procedures performed in Canada. Despite these advances, patients […]

Intensive Use of Forensic Inpatient Services by People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Ontario, Canada: Prevalence and Associated Characteristics

Abstract Background People with intellectual/developmental disabilities (IDD) are reportedly intensive users of forensic inpatient services. Methods Using administrative data, we identified people with and without […]

Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer versus non-cancer-patients: A population-based study in northeastern Italy

Abstract Introduction This study assesses the risk of infection and clinical outcomes in a large consecutive population of cancer and non-cancer patients tested for SARS-CoV-2 […]

The impact of frailty on adjuvant treatment in patients with head and neck free flap reconstruction—A retrospective study using two independent frailty scores

Abstract Objectives Reconstructive surgery may result in prolonged postoperative recovery, especially in frail patients, which in turn may impact delivery of adjuvant therapy. To date, […]

Does End-of-Life Care Differ for Anglophones and Francophones? A Retrospective Cohort Study of Decedents in Ontario, Canada

Abstract Background: Approximately half of decedents in Ontario, Canada, receive some palliative care, but little is known about the influence of language on the nature of […]

Identifying High Risk COVID-19 Patients Q&A

During the current health care crisis, health systems, health plans and governments urgently need to identify their most vulnerable patient populations. The Johns Hopkins ACG […]

Predictive Modeling Part I – An Introduction to the Basics

This webinar is an introduction to the basics of predictive modelling and provides an overview of the predictive models that are available within the Johns […]

Comparative effectiveness of olmesartan and other angiotensin receptor blockers in diabetes mellitus: retrospective cohort study

Hypertension 63:977-983. University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Olmesartan has been linked with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and sprue-like enteropathy. We compared outcomes between […]

Variations in primary care physician referral rates

Health Serv Res 34:323-329. University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA OBJECTIVE: To examine primary care physician referral rate variations, including their extent and their stability […]

Increased suicidal activity following major trauma: a population-based study

J Trauma Acute Care Surg 76:180-184. University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; University of Regina, Regina, […]

Multimorbidity in risk stratification tools to predict negative outcomes in adult population

Eur J Intern Med 26:182-189. Basque Institute for Healthcare Innovation, Barakaldo, Spain; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco (AIFA), Rome, […]

Direct medical costs and source of cost differences across the spectrum of cognitive decline: A population-based study

Alzheimers Dement. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; K Long Health Economics Consulting LLC, St. Paul, MN, USA; AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA BACKGROUND: Objective cost […]

Physicians and prepaid group practices

Health Aff W4:76-78. Commonwealth Fund, New York, NY, USA Prepaid group practices (PGPs) are complex organizations that directly combine prepayment for health care with a […]

Impact of case mix severity on quality improvement in a patient-centered medical home (PCMH) in the Maryland Multi-Payor Program

J Am Board Fam Med 29:116-125. University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department […]

A population-based study comparing patterns of care delivery on the quality of care for persons living with HIV in Ontario

BMJ Open 5:e007428. Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Institute for Clinical […]

Trends and determinants of prescription drug use during pregnancy and postpartum in British Columbia, 2002-2011: a population-based cohort study

PLoS One 10:e0128312. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada PURPOSE: To describe trends, patterns, and determinants of prescription drug use during pregnancy and postpartum. […]

The use of long-acting beta2- agonists as monotherapy in children and adults

J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol 20:e1. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada BACKGROUND: In asthma, it is recommended […]

Selection bias from requiring patients to give consent to examine data for health services research

Arch Fam Med 9:1111-1118. Department of Family Practice, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Fairfax, VA, USA BACKGROUND: New rulings nationwide require health services […]

Adjusted Clinical Groups: predictive accuracy for Medicaid enrollees in three states

Health Care Financ Rev 24:43-61. Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA Actuarial split-sample method were used to assess predictive accuracy of […]

The effect of socioeconomic status on bone density testing in a public health-care system

Osteoporos Int 18:153-158. Radiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: An inverse relationship exists between socio-economic status (SES) and osteoporotic fractures. In […]

Medical and psychosocial diagnoses in women with a history of intimate partner violence

Arch Intern Med 169:1692-1697. Department of Human Development and Family Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA BACKGROUND: We characterized the relative risk of a […]

Heart failure in the family practice: a study of the prevalence and co-morbidity

Fam Pract 28:128-133. Unidad de Bioingenieria y Telemedicina, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is a health problem that particularly […]

Adapting the Rx-Risk-V for mortality prediction in outpatient populations

Med Care 44:793-797. Houston Center for Quality of Care and Utilization Studies, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA OBJECTIVES: We sought […]

Multimorbidity and its measurement

Health Policy 103:3-8. Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Multimorbidity is increasing in frequency. It can be quantitatively measured […]

Explaining primary healthcare pharmacy expenditure using classification of medications for chronic conditions

Health Policy 103:9-15. Research Centre for Health Care Economics and Management, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain BACKGROUND: The Valencian Autonomous Community (Spain) has implemented […]

Randomized trial of depression follow-up care by online messaging

J Gen Intern Med 26:698-704. Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA BACKGROUND: Quality of antidepressant treatment remains disturbingly poor. Rates of medication adherence and […]

Types of morbidity and categories of patients in a Swedish county. Applying the Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups System to encounter data in primary health care

Scand J Prim Health Care 22:174-179. Center for Family Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden OBJECTIVE: To elucidate types of morbidity and […]

Medical comorbidity among youth diagnosed with bipolar disorder in the United States

J Clin Psychiatry 70:1461-1466. Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA OBJECTIVE: This study examines the […]

Common comorbidity scales were similar in their ability to predict health care costs and mortality

J Clin Epidemiol 57:1040-1048. Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA OBJECTIVE: To compare the ability of commonly used measures of medical comorbidity […]

Diagnostic scope of and exposure to primary care physicians in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States: cross sectional analysis of results from three national surveys

BMJ 334:1261. Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA. OBJECTIVES: To compare mix of […]

Influence of body mass index on the choice of therapy for depression and follow-up care

Obesity 21:e303-e313. Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA OBJECTIVE: Overweight and obese patients commonly suffer from depression and choice of depression […]

Adverse events in elderly users of antipsychotic pharmacotherapy in the province of Manitoba: a retrospective cohort study

J Clin Psychopharmacol 33:24-30. University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. BACKGROUND: Antipsychotic medications have been widely used in elderly patients for treatment of a variety […]

Emergency department use by the rural elderly

J Emerg Med 18:289-297. Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA This study uses Medicare data to compare emergency department (ED) use […]

The potential of risk adjustment for the Military Health System TRICARE Program

Mil ed 170:964-971. AdvanceMed/CSC, Plaza America Drive, Reston, VA, USA Using industry leading methods and software products, this article explores the potential for health risk […]

The effects of interdisciplinary outpatient geriatrics on the use, costs and quality of health services in the fee-for-service environment

Aging Clin Exp Res 20:556-561. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To evaluate the effect of interdisciplinary outpatient […]

The relationship between effectiveness and costs measured by a risk-adjusted case-mix system: multicentre study of Catalonian population data bases

BMC Public Health 9:202. Directorate of Planning, Badalona Serveis Assistencials SA, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain BACKGROUND: The main objective of this study is to measure the […]

Adjusted Clinical Groups use at a Spanish primary care center: a retrospective, population-based study

Rev Panam Salud Publica 27:49-55. Published in Spanish. Dirección de Planificación, Badalona Serveis Assistencials, S.A., Barcelona, Spain OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the results of implementing a […]

What is the comparative health status and associated risk factors for the Metis? A population-based study in Manitoba, Canada

BMC Public Health 11:814. Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada BACKGROUND: Métis are descendants of early 17th century relationships between […]

Impact of bariatric surgery on health care utilization and costs among patients with diabetes

Med Care 50:58-65. Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA BACKGROUND: The effect of bariatric surgery […]

Case-mix adjusting performance measures in a veteran population: pharmacy- and diagnosis-based approaches

Health Serv Res 38:1319-1337. VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA OBJECTIVE: To compare the rankings for health care utilization performance measures at […]

Risk adjusting capitation: applications in employed and disabled populations

Health Care Manag Sci 3:101-109. Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Risk adjustment may be a sensible strategy to reduce selection […]

Use of risk adjustment in setting budgets and measuring performance in primary care I: how it works

BMJ 323:604-607. School of Public Policy, University College London, London, UK No abstract PMID: 11557709 PMCID: PMC55577

Are low-income elderly patients at risk for poor diabetes care?

Diabetes Care 27:1060-1065. Colorado Foundation for Medical Care, Denver, CO, USA OBJECTIVE: Diabetes is common among low-income elderly, dual-eligible (DE) Medicare/Medicaid patients resulting in significant […]

Obtaining the mean relative weights of the cost of care in Catalonia (Spain): retrospective application of the Adjusted Clinical Groups case-mix system in primary health care

J Eval Clin Pract 19:267-276. Directorate of Planning, Badalona Serveis Assistencials SA, Badalona, Spain OBJECTIVE: The study aims to obtain the mean relative weights (MRWs) […]

Exploratory analysis of high CT scan utilization in claims data

J Am Coll Radiol 11:51-58. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. USA; Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA PURPOSE: This study explores characteristics that distinguish higher […]

Increased risk of complications following total joint arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Arthritis Rheumatol 66:254-263. University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada OBJECTIVE: Most of the evidence regarding complications following total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty […]

High-risk case identification for use in comprehensive complex care management

Popul Health Manag. Clalit Research Institute , Chief Physician’s Office, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel . The current study aimed to develop a patient […]

Association of the Hospital Volume of Frail Surgical Patients Cared for with Outcomes after Elective, Major Noncardiac Surgery

Background: Frailty is a risk factor for adverse postoperative outcomes. Hospitals that perform higher volumes of surgery have better outcomes than low-volume providers. We hypothesized […]

A health insurance plan with wellness features

Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell University (doctoral dissertation). Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Employers are increasingly using wellness programs to improve health and lifestyle of employees. […]

Medi-Cal and managed care: risk, costs, and regional variation

Sacramento, CA, USA: Public Policy Institute of California. Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; School of Public Health, University of Alabama at […]

Impact of center case volume on cardiotoxicity during adjuvant trastuzumab in breast cancer

2013 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Abstract 6625. J Clin Oncol 31 (suppl; abstr 6625). University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; St. Michael’s […]

Mesurer la morbidite chez les patients diabetiques a Montreal.

Montreal, QC, Canada: Montreal Health and Social Services Agency. Published in French. Montreal Health and Social Services Agency, Montreal, QC, Canada No abstract

The actual versus expected health care use among Healthy Kids enrollees

Gainesville, FL, USA: Institute for Child Health Policy, University of Florida. Institute for Child Health Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA As part of […]

Ambulatory case-mix methodologies: applications to primary care research

In: Grady M, eds. Primary care research: theory and methods. Washington, DC: USDHHS. AHCPR Pub 91-0011:75-81. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA This paper describes […]

Differences in case mix between CHC users and non users: Washington and Missouri

MDS Associates, Laguna Research Associates. Final report to the Bureau of Primary Health Care. Wheaton, MD, USA: MDS Associates. Wheaton, MD, USA; San Francisco, CA, […]

A comparative analysis of claims-based methods of health risk assessment for commercial populations

Minneapolis, MN, USA: Milliman USA and Park Nicollet Institute Health Research Center. Milliman USA and Park Nicollet Institute Health Research Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA The […]

Effect of patient cost sharing in South Korea: ACG risk-adjusted differences in health care utilization and expenditures among National Health Insurance and Medical Aid enrollees, 2004-2005

Baltimore, MD, USA: Johns Hopkins University (doctoral dissertation). Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Korea has experienced a period of rapid economic development and industrialization […]

Provider profiling: implementation issues within Florida MediPass

Gainesville, FL, USA: University of Florida. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Provider profiling use epidemiological methods to compare physician practice  patterns across various dimensions […]

Using the ACG casemix system in population health management programs at Johns Hopkins

BMC Health Serv Res 9:A16. Johns Hopkins HealthCare, Glen Burnie, MD, USA   Introduction: Johns Hopkins HealthCare contracts with the US Department  of Defense (DOD) […]

Who uses exenatide for glucose control in diabetes mellitus?

A retrospective cohort study of a new therapy? Rockville, MD, USA: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA BACKGROUND: Exenatide […]

Direct costs of hip fractures among seniors in Ontario

Toronto, ON, Canada: University of Toronto (masters thesis). University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Osteoporosis is a major public health problem resulting in substantial hip […]

Electronic patient provider communication in diabetes care

Seattle, WA, USA: University of Washington (doctoral dissertation). University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Diabetes is a chronic illness of increasing public health importance affecting […]

Measuring health status for risk adjusting capitation payments

Hamilton, NJ, USA: Center for Health Care Strategies. Center for Health Care Strategies, Hamilton, NJ, USA In this report we describe six health status grouping […]

Asthma drug regimen optimality and health services utilization: a population-based analysis in British Columbia

Vancouver, BC, Canada: University of British Columbia (doctoral dissertation). University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada BACKGROUND: Drug therapy is the mainstay medical treatment for […]

Identifying People at Increased Risk of Severe Illness from COVID-19 in the UK

During the current pandemic, NHS stakeholders need to identify their most vulnerable patient populations. This short report shares how insights from the ACG System can […]

Introduction to the ACG System

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Population Based Casemix- An Introduction to the ACG System Dr Peter F. S. Lee

Tuesday-Re-thinking ACG fundamentals-Low

Clalit Profiling Morbidity Burden in Primary Care: Local Calibration of a Case-Mix Model to Account for the Burden Israeli Primary Care Physicians Face Ran D. […]

Monday-US Health Reform-Gootee

MZI HealthCare A Population Health Model for Physician Reimbursement: A Hybrid Approach Greg Gootee, MBA

Monday-Care Coordination II-Jabaar

Discovery Health A Virtually Integrated Care Delivery Model for Complex, High-Needs Patients Riedwaan Jabaar

LookingBackLookingForward

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Looking Back, Looking Forward: Johns Hopkins ACG System Improving Health Care Worldwide for 30 Years Professor Jonathan P. […]

2014 Reform Preparation: What Health Plans Need to Know Now!

DST Health Solutions 2014 Reform Preparation: What Health Plans Need to Know Now! Teri Mullaney, Chief Strategy Officer

Monday(C5)-Expanding the clinical toolbox for progressive healthcare intervention —Lizelle Steenkamp

Expanding the clinical toolbox for progressive healthcare intervention —Lizelle Steenkamp, Discovery Health 

Tuesday(P2)-Reaching The EMR / e-Health Tipping Point: Implications for the Future of Health Care and Population Health-Jonathan P. Weiner DrPH

Reaching The EMR / e-Health Tipping Point:  Implications for the Future of Health Care and Population Health  —Jonathan P. Weiner, DrPH  Professor of Health Policy […]

About the ACG System V11.0 Release

In this video, Chad Abrams, M.A.; Director of U.S. Operations, ACG System; briefly describes the Johns Hopkins ACG System highlighting features included in the software’s version 11 release. Learn more.

New Summary Measures of Population Health and Well-Being for Implementation by Health Plans and Accountable Care Organizations

Thomas E. Kottke, MD, MSPH; Jason M. Gallagher, MBA; Sachin Rauri, MS; Juliana O. Tillema, MPA; Nicolaas P. Pronk, PhD, FACSM; Susan M. Knudson, MA […]

Comprehensive preventive care assessments for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities-Part 1: How do we know if it’s happening?

Objective To determine how to best measure the provision of comprehensive preventive care assessment to adults with IDD. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Ontario. Participants Adults with […]

Comparing Five Comorbidity Indices to Predict Mortality in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract Background: Several different indices summarize patient comorbidity using health care data. An accurate index can be used to describe the risk profile of patients, […]

Exploring the use of machine learning for risk adjustment: A comparison of standard and penalized linear regression models in predicting health care costs in older adults

Abstract   Background Payers and providers still primarily use ordinary least squares (OLS) to estimate expected economic and clinical outcomes for risk adjustment purposes. Penalized […]

Prescription drug claims following a traumatic spinal cord injury for older adults: a retrospective population-based study in Ontario, Canada

Abstract Study design Retrospective cohort study. Objectives The objectives for this study were to examine the prevalence of polypharmacy for people with traumatic spinal cord […]

Impact of timing of methadone initiation on perinatal outcomes following delivery among pregnant women on methadone maintenance therapy in Ontario

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS Methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) is associated with improved outcomes for children exposed to maternal opioid dependence in utero. We examined Ontario’s […]

Home care nursing after elective vascular surgery: an opportunity to reduce emergency department visits and hospital readmission

Abstract Background Events occurring outside the hospital setting are underevaluated in surgical quality improvement initiatives and research. Objective To quantify regional variation in home care […]

Sex-Based Disparities in the Hourly Earnings of Surgeons in the Fee-for-Service System in Ontario, Canada

Abstract Importance  Sex-based income disparities are well documented in medicine and most pronounced in surgery. These disparities are commonly attributed to differences in hours worked. […]

Emergency department use among young adult Medicare beneficiaries with autism and intellectual disabilities

Abstract Background Individuals on the autism spectrum are at greater risk for a variety of co-occurring psychiatric and medical conditions, which could result in greater […]

Serious infections in patients with myasthenia gravis: population‐based cohort study

Abstract Background and purpose To characterize the frequency and risk of serious infections in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) relative to age/sex/area‐matched comparators. Methods This […]

Declining Use of Red Blood Cell Transfusions for Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery: A Population-Based Analysis

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal cancer surgery patients often develop perioperative anemia commonly treated with red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. Given the potential associated risks, evidence published […]

Impact of preoperative echocardiography on surgical delays and outcomes among adults with hip fracture

Aims Echocardiography is commonly used in hip fracture patients to evaluate perioperative cardiac risk. However, echocardiography that delays surgical repair may be harmful. The objective […]

90-90-90 for everyone?: Access to HIV care and treatment for people with HIV who experience imprisonment in Ontario, Canada

ABSTRACT Background We examined HIV care and treatment in prison and after release for people with HIV in Ontario, Canada, and compared HIV care and […]

Correlation between potentially inappropriate medication and Alzheimer’s disease among the elderly

Abstract Purpose This study is conducted to explore the association between potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) among the elderly. Methods We used […]

Fracture Risk in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Abstract Objective Prednisone is a common treatment for myasthenia gravis (MG), and osteoporosis is a known potential risk of chronic prednisone therapy. Our aim was […]

Impact of frailty on inpatient outcomes in thyroid cancer surgery: 10-year results from the U.S. national inpatient sample

Abstract Background Frailty is linked to perioperative morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the impact of preoperative frailty on inpatient outcomes of patients undergoing surgery for […]

Early postoperative follow-up reduces risk of late severe nutritional complications after Roux-En-Y gastric bypass: a population based study

Abstract Background Severe nutritional complications can occur following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Adherence to follow-up visits can reduce the risk of many bariatric surgery complications, […]

Type 1 diabetes prevalence and incidence rates in the pediatric population of Veneto Region (Italy) in 2015–2020

Abstract The prevalence of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) in the Veneto Region (Italy) in the 2015–2020 years was 152.5/100,000 subjects and the incidence 19.7/100,000 person-years. Accordingly, Veneto Region […]

Second and later-line erlotinib use in non-small cell lung cancer: real world outcomes and practice patterns overtime in Canada

Abstract Background In Canada, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor therapies in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were initially approved regardless of EGFR status. The purpose […]

Patient Service Utilization Among Individuals with Co‑occurring Disorders: A Comparison of Two Models of Care Coordination

Abstract Background Healthcare systems have increasingly adopted integrated care models with demonstrated effectiveness. However, few studies examine integrated care for individuals with co-morbid mental illness […]

Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe outcomes with variants of concern in Ontario

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) are more transmissible and may have the potential for increased disease severity and decreased vaccine effectiveness. We estimated the […]

Assessing the Added Value of Vital Signs Extracted from Electronic Health Records in Healthcare Risk Adjustment Models

Abstract Objective Patient vital signs are related to specific health risks and outcomes but are underutilized in the prediction of health-care utilization and cost. To […]

Access to care and outcomes for neuroendocrine tumours: does socioeconomic status matter?

ABSTRACT Introduction Neuroendocrine tumours (nets) are a poorly understood malignancy lacking standardized care. Differences in socioeconomic status (ses) might worsen the effect of non-standardized care. […]

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