Skip to content

Software Update Available: Version 13.0.4. and 14.0.2
This release includes a refinement to Patient Need Group classification logic.
Click for details

Upcoming WEBINAR: Population Health at the Neighborhood Level
Community Care Best Practices from NHS Kent and Medway ICB
Register Now

Documents

Documents

Healthcare utilization patterns and risk adjustment under Taiwan’s National Health Insurance system

J Formos Med Assoc 101:52-59. Graduate Institute of Health Care Organization Administration, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Some […]

The predictors of self-rated health and the relationship between self-rated health and health service needs are similar across socioeconomic groups in Canada

J Clin Epidemiol 63:412-421. Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, ON, Canada OBJECTIVE: To examine if there are systematic differences in the predictors of self-rated […]

The economic impact of a disability prevention program

J Occup Environ Med 52:15-21. Division of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA We evaluated the effect […]

Predictive modeling of total healthcare costs using pharmacy claims data: a comparison of alternative econometric cost modeling techniques

Med Care 43:1065-1072. Caremark, Hunt Valley, MD, USA OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate several statistical modeling approaches in predicting prospective total annual health costs (medical […]

The mortality risk score and the ADG score: two points-based scoring systems for the Johns Hopkins aggregated diagnosis groups to predict mortality in a general adult population cohort in Ontario, Canada

Med Care 49:940-947. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada BACKGROUND: Logistic regression models that incorporated age, sex, and indicator variables for the Johns […]

Association of antiepileptic drugs with nontraumatic fractures: a population-based analysis

Arch Neurol 68:107-112. Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between antiepileptic drug (AED) use […]

The importance of continuity of care in the likelihood of future hospitalization: is site of care equivalent to a primary clinician?

Am J Public Health 88:1539-1541. Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA OBJECTIVES: This study examined the effect of continuity […]

Health of Medicare Advantage plan enrollees at 1 year after Hurricane Katrina

Am J Manag Care 15:13-22. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of Hurricane Katrina on mortality, […]

Chiropractic use by urban and rural residents with insurance coverage

J Rural Health 25:253-258. Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA PURPOSE: To describe the use of chiropractic care by urban and […]

Case-mix and variation in specialist referrals in general practice

Br J Gen Pract 55:529-533. University College London Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK BACKGROUND: The potential of a comprehensive measure of patient morbidity to explain […]

Identifying frail older people using predictive modeling

Am J Manag Care 18:e392-e397. Department of Geriatric Medicine, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel OBJECTIVES: To determine whether a designation of frailty using the […]

A randomized study to decrease the use of potentially inappropriate medications among community-dwelling older adults in a southeastern managed care organization

Am J Manag Care 10:761-768. Department of Medicine and Center for Healthcare Improvement, Medical College of Georgia, Atlanta, Ga, USA BACKGROUND: Despite progress in describing […]

Development and validation of a model for predicting inpatient hospitalization

Med Care 50:131-139. Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA BACKGROUND: Hospitalizations […]

Involuntary unemployment and mortality in Taiwan

J Formos Med Assoc 103:900-907. Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Unemployment is known to be associated with increased […]

Case-control study of antibiotic use and subsequent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in hospitalized patients

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 29:44-50. Permanente Medical Group, Oakland, CA, USA OBJECTIVE: To determine which antibiotics increase or decrease the risk of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea […]

More preventive care, and fewer emergency room visits and prescription drugs–health care utilization in a consumer-driven health plan

Benefits Q 24:46-54. Healthcare Informatics, Blue Cross Blue Shield of Minnesota, USA. Although consumer-driven health plans (CDHPs) have grown dramatically, the question of whether CDHPs […]

Assessing comorbidity using claims data: an overview

Med Care 40:IV-26-IV-35. Health Services and Economics Branch, Applied Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA Comorbidity, […]

Pharmacy- and diagnosis-based risk adjustment for children with Medicaid

Med Care 43:1155-1159. Center for Child and Adolescent Health Policy, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA BACKGROUND: Risk […]

The influence of incidental abdominal aortic aneurysm monitoring on patient outcomes

J Vasc Surg 54:1290-1297.e2. Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada BACKGROUND: Incidental abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are identified when the abdomen is […]

Population based study of long-term rates of surgery for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer

J Urol 188:502-506. Division of Urology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada PURPOSE: Urinary incontinence can be a significant complication of […]

Prescribing of psychotropic medications to the elderly population of a Canadian province: a retrospective study using administrative databases

PeerJ 1:e168. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB, Canada BACKGROUND. Psychotropic medications, in particular second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) and benzodiazepines, have been associated […]

Comparative safety and effectiveness of sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes: retrospective population based cohort study

BMJ 346:f2267. Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada OBJECTIVE: To determine if the use of sitagliptin […]

Association between fee-for-service expenditures and morbidity burden in primary care

Eur J Health Econ 15:599-610. Faculty of Health Sciences, COHERE-Centre of Health Economics Research, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark BACKGROUND: […]

Using risk-adjustment models to identify high-cost risks

Med Care 41:1301-1312. Center for Health Research, Northwest and Hawaii, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA BACKGROUND: We examine the ability of various publicly available […]

Predicting persistently high primary care use

Ann Fam Med 3:324-330. Division of Health Care Policy & Research, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA PURPOSE: […]

Specialty use among patients with treated hypertension in a patient-centered medical home

J Gen Intern Med Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA BACKGROUND: Little is known about […]

One-year outcomes associated with using observation services in triaging patients with nonspecific chest pain

Clin Cardiol 37:591-596. Division of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas. BACKGROUND: Observation services are provided in […]

Changes in office visit use associated with electronic messaging and telephone encounters among patients with diabetes in the PCMH

Ann Fam Med 12:338-343. Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA PURPOSE: Telephone- and Internet-based communication are increasingly common in primary care, yet there is […]

Measuring morbidity in populations: performance of the Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Group (ACG) case-mix adjustment system in Manitoba

Winnipeg, MB, Canada: Manitoba Centre for Health Policy. Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Winnipeg, MB, Canada This study examined the performance of the Johns Hopkins […]

Creating meaningful composite scores for primary care

2015 North American Primary Care Research Group Annual Meeting, October 2015, Cancun, Mexico. Context: Composite scores (CSs) provide a global measure of quality. CS development […]

Long-term risk of heart failure associated with adjuvant trastuzumab in breast cancer patients

2014 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Abstract 9504. J Clin Oncol 32 (suppl; abstr 9504). University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; St. Michael’s […]

Is the class half empty? A population-based perspective on socioeconomic status and educational outcomes

IRPP Choices 12:1-30. Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada The purpose of […]

Characteristics of risk adjustment systems. Working Paper Series 2

Gainesville, FL, USA: Institute for Child Health Policy, University of Florida. Institute for Child Health Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Increasing numbers of […]

Using the ACG case-mix adjustment system to evaluate veteran’s morbidity burdens and medical utilizations in Taiwan

J Healthc Manag 8:67-84. Published in Chinese. Department of Medical Affairs and Planning, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC OBJECTIVES: Veterans have been […]

Performance of risk adjusted capitated systems in allocating a global budget

Baltimore, MD, USA: Johns Hopkins University (doctoral dissertation). Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Rapidly rising health care costs in the United States have led […]

The Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACGs) system in Osakidetza

Final report (1/05/2003 – 30/04/2003). Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain: Osakidetza Servicio vasco de salud. Published in Spanish. Osakidetza Servicio vasco de salud, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain No abstract

How are Manitoba’s children doing?

Winnipeg, MB, Canada: Manitoba Centre for Health Policy. Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Winnipeg, MB, Canada The health and development of Manitoba’s children were examined […]

Using selected diagnoses to improve the Chilean capitation formula

Greifswald, Germany: Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald. Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany OBJECTIVES: To contribute to the policy discussion of equity […]

Home health services in British Columbia: a portrait of users and trends over time

Home health services in British Columbia: a portrait of users and trends over time. Vancouver, BC, Canada: University of British Columbia. University of British Columbia, […]

The effect of a coordinated care program on uninsured, chronically ill patients

Richmond, VA, USA: Virginia Commonwealth University (doctoral dissertation). Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA This study explored how being enrolled in a program that both […]

Equity in the use and financing of medicines in British Columbia before and after the move to income-based pharmacare

Vancouver, BC, Canada: University of British Columbia (doctoral dissertation). University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada BACKGROUND: In May 2003, the B.C. government introduced an […]

Utilizacion de servicios de salud en atencion primaria del area 11 de Madrid y nivel psicobioquimico de estres y de salud bucodental en su poblacion immigrante y autoctona

Madrid, Spain: Universidad Complutense de Madrid (masters thesis). Published in Spanish. Universidad Computense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain La naturaleza trashumante de la Humanidad le es […]

Developing decision trees to classify patients suited for similar interventions by combining clinical judgments with Leeds Risk Stratification Tool

London, UK: London School of Economics and Political Science. London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK The objectives of the project are to […]

What is most important: social factors, health selection, and adolescent educational achievement

Soc Indic Res 110:385-414. Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada This paper […]

Case Finding & Population Profiling – Separate Disciplines or Both Sides of the Same Coin?

This award-winning document presented at the 2015 PCSI conference highlights work undertaken with Slough Clinical Commissioning Group in the UK. The work has challenged some […]

Leicester City CCG Case Study 2

 Use of ACG® System output to support practices in participating in a medicines management scheme – STOPP-START

Care Management Program Case Study-Payer

Clalit Health (an integrated delivery system in Israel) used the ACG System to identify high-risk patients for enrollment in a comprehensive complex care management program […]

Case-Mix Information Uses and Health Services Sustainability

Iasist Casemix Information Uses and Health Services Sustainability: A Few Examples From Current Spanish Downturn Mercè Casas Carles Illa

Options for Concurrent Risk Assessment

DST Health Solutions Options for Concurrent Risk Assessment Amy Salls

Monday(C2)-Steep Increase of Registered Diagnosis Due to New Primary Care Funding Model-Martin Fredriksson

Steep Increase of Registered Diagnosis Due to New Primary Care Funding Model —Martin Fredriksson Region Västra Götaland Medical Advisor at Healtcare Department M.D. Ph.D.

Wednesday(P4)-Population Health Emerging Risk-Medscheme

Population Health Emerging Risk-Medscheme

PREDICTING HEALTHCARE COSTS IN VENETO REGION WITH ACG SYSTEM: VALIDATION AND COMPARISON OF DIAGNOSIS-BASED AND DRUG-BASED MORBIDITY GROUPS IN A NORTHERN ITALIAN POPULATION 

F. Avossa, 1, M.C. Corti, 2 , E. Schievano1, C. Abrams, 3 , N. Alba,  4 , S. Elvini, 5 , P. Gallina,  5, C. […]

Cost Risk Scores: Amy Salls, DST Health Solutions

ACG System The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Cost Risk Models Amy Salls

Featured thumbnail
The ACG System and Public Health

Joshua Sharfstein, MD, Associate Dean of the Office of Public Health Practice & Training, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and former Secretary of […]

Featured thumbnail
Provider Profiling and Engagement Case Study – Payer

Johns Hopkins HealthCare (JHHC), the managed care arm of Johns Hopkins, created Provider Profile reports leveraging outputs from the Johns Hopkins ACG System to build a comprehensive Provider Engagement program.

Apples and Oranges: Four Definitions of Multiple Chronic Conditions and their Relationship to 30-Day Hospital Readmission

OBJECTIVES: To determine the extent of agreement between four commonly used definitions of multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) and compare each definition’s ability to predict 30-day […]

Are we making a difference in primary care for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities?

Abstract Objectives. To examine the impact of the dissemination of guidelines to physicians and of a population-level health communication intervention on the percentage of adults […]

Supplement to “Equilibria in Health Exchanges: Adverse Selection versus Reclassification Risk”

This online appendix has three sections.  The first presents details of the choice model estimation algorithm, as well as additional estimates from our primary specification […]

Repeat Emergency Department Visits for Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and Psychiatric Disorders

Abstract Although individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and psychiatric concerns are more likely than others to visit hospital emergency departments (EDs), the frequency […]

Integrating Social and Behavioral Determinants of Health into Population Health Analytics: A Conceptual Framework and Suggested Road Map

Abstract There is growing recognition that social and behavioral risk factors impact population health outcomes. Interventions that target these risk factors can improve health outcomes. […]

Frailty, Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators, and Mortality: a Systematic Review

Abstract   Background Evidence for the benefit of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) in preventing sudden cardiac death (SCD) in older adults is mixed; age alone […]

Impact of care provider network characteristics on patient outcomes: Usage of social network analysis and a multi-scale community detection

Abstract Objective We assess healthcare provider collaboration and the impact on patient outcomes using social network analysis, a multi-scale community detection algorithm, and generalized estimating […]

MS risk in immigrants in the McDonald era: A population-based study in Ontario, Canada

Abstract OBJECTIVE To determine risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS) in immigrants and to compare MS risk in immigrants and long-term residents in Ontario, Canada. […]

Preoperative frailty predicts adverse short‐term postoperative outcomes in patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy

Abstract Background To investigate the effect of frailty on short‐term postoperative outcomes and total hospital charges (THCs) in patients with non‐metastatic upper urinary tract carcinoma, […]

Who is discharged to intermediate care facilities? An Italian study in the population of Udine

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to assess complexity of patients discharged from hospital to intermediate care facility in an Italian setting. Multiple anonymous […]

Alive and at home: Five-year outcomes in older adults following emergency general surgery

Abstract BACKGROUND While the short-term risks of emergency general surgery (EGS) admission among older adults have been studied, little is known about long-term functional outcomes […]

Shorter Diagnosis-to-Treatment Interval in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma is Associated With Inferior Overall Survival in a Large, Population-Based Registry

Abstract Background Because of prolonged screening requirements, patient and time-dependent selection have been proposed as potential biases in clinical trials. The screening process may exclude […]

Association of Preexisting Disability With Severe Maternal Morbidity or Mortality in Ontario, Canada

Abstract Objective To determine the risk of severe maternal morbidity or mortality among women with a physical, sensory, or intellectual/developmental disability compared with women without […]

Integrating E-Prescribing and Pharmacy Claims Data for Predictive Modeling: Comparing Costs and Utilization of Health Plan Members Who Fill Their Initial Medications with Those Who Do Not

Abstract BACKGROUND Nonfilling of prescribed medications is a worldwide problem of serious concern. Studies of health care costs and utilization associated with medication nonadherence frequently […]

Delay of Pregnancy Among Physicians vs Nonphysicians

Abstract Importance Women physicians may delay childbearing and experience childlessness more often than nonphysicians, but existing knowledge is based largely on self-reported survey data. Objective […]

How different combinations of comorbidities affect healthcare use by elderly patients with obstructive lung disease

Abstract Objective Previous research had shown the number of comorbidities is a major factor influencing the burden of care for elderly patients with obstructive lung […]

Comparison of 4-Year Health Care Expenditures Associated With Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass vs Sleeve Gastrectomy

Abstract Objective To compare 4-year health care expenditures after RYGB vs sleeve gastrectomy, identify factors independently associated with 4-year health care expenditures, and compare the […]

No Difference in Outcomes Between Short and Longer-Stay Total Joint Arthroplasty with a Discharge Home

Abstract Background: Outcomes following total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with a short length of hospital stay have been reported; however, most […]

Remote, proactive, telephone based management of toxicity in outpatients during adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early stage breast cancer: pragmatic, cluster randomised trial

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of remote proactive management of toxicities during chemotherapy for early stage breast cancer. Design Pragmatic, cluster randomised trial. Setting […]

Case Study: The Distilling of a Biased Algorithmic Decision System through a Business Lens

Abstract Technological advances embedded within algorithmic decision systems are being deployed every day. Some of these investments are unquestionably worthwhile, while some others prioritize commercialization […]

The Effect of Depression on Paid Sick Leave due to Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease in low-wage workers. (Depression and Sick Leave)

Abstract Background Colombia’s health system allows workers to claim paid sick leave due to health conditions, some of this conditions are related to metabolic and […]

Changing patterns of multimorbidity among patients with ambiguous diagnoses: The case of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Abstract Introduction Increased attention has been given to multimorbidity. This phenomenon often has been explored through associations between diseases based on the frequency of combinations […]

Association of frailty with perioperative and survival outcomes in patients with gynecologic cancers: A population-based study

Abstract Objectives The relationship between frailty and both short- and long-term outcomes remains underexplored in gynecologic oncology (GO). We sought to evaluate the association of […]

Impact of frailty on outcomes after multiple rib fractures and flail chest undergoing surgical stabilization of rib fractures: a propensity score-matched analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2005–2020

Abstract Background This study examined the impact of frailty on in-hospital outcomes in patients undergoing surgical stabilization of multiple rib fractures and flail chest (SSRF). […]

COVID-19 Vaccination, Hospitalization Rates, and Mortality Differ Between People with Diagnosed Immune Mediated Inflammatory Disease and the General Population: A Population-Based Study

Abstract Background: Vaccination reduces Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infection severity. We evaluated COVID-19 vaccine uptake and effectiveness in people with immune mediated inflammatory diseases (pIMIDs) versus […]

Machine learning identifies clusters of multimorbidity among decedents with inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract Background: Multimorbidity is the co-occurrence of two or more chronic conditions in one person. Providing quality, patient-centered care requires understanding multimorbidity. Our objective was […]

Trends in use of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) in ovarian cancer

Abstract Background To assess population-level trends in use of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) among ovarian cancer patients in the years following initial FDA approvals. […]

Factors Associated With the Receipt of Female Breast Cancer Treatment Among People Living With Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study

ABSTRACT Background People with intellectual or developmental disabilities (IDD) experience breast cancer care inequities relative to those without IDD. Identifying factors associated with receipt of […]

Impact of a nurse-based intervention on medication outcomes in vulnerable older adults

Abstract Background Medication-related problems are common in older adults with multiple chronic conditions. We evaluated the impact of a nurse-based primary care intervention, based on […]

Featured thumbnail
Big Data Byte: Jonathan Weiner on analytics in population health

Dr. Jonathan Weiner participated as a featured presenter in the 2015 Big Data & Health Care Analytics forum in New York City. Watch the below […]

Featured thumbnail
ACG System Version 12.0

This presentation discusses the various v12.0 features such as refined risk assessment variables and enhanced analytics. Presented by Dr. Stephen Sutch. Learn more.

Family members of people with alcohol or drug dependence: health problems and medical cost compared to family members of people with diabetes and asthma

Addiction 104:203-214. Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA AIMS: To compare the medical costs and prevalence of health conditions of family […]

Comparative analysis of outcome measures used in examining neurodevelopmental effects of early childhood anesthesia exposure

Anesthesiology 120:1319-1332. Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia; New York State Psychiatric […]

Inequities in ambulatory care and the relationship between socioeconomic status and respiratory hospitalizations: a population-based study of a Canadian city

Ann Fam Med 12:402-407. University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada PURPOSE: Individuals of lower socioeconomic status have higher rates of hospitalization due to ambulatory care-sensitive […]

Neurodevelopment of children exposed to anesthesia: design of the Mayo Anesthesia Safety in Kids (MASK) study

Contemp Clin Trials 41:45-54. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, […]

Diagnosis and treatment of incident hypertension among patients with diabetes: a U.S. multi-disciplinary group practice observational study

J Gen Intern Med 30:768-776. University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA BACKGROUND: Early hypertension control reduces the risk of cardiovascular complications among patients with diabetes […]

Comorbidity burden and health services use in community-living older adults with diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study

Can J Diabetes 40:35-42. University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada; Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; McMaster […]

Exploring indicators of use of costly health services in community-dwelling adults with multiple chronic conditions

Prof Case Manag 20:3-11. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA Although […]

Comorbidity and the use of primary care and specialist care in the elderly

Ann Fam Med 3:215-222. Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA PURPOSE: The impact of comorbidity on […]

All-cause mortality and serious cardiovascular events in people with hip and knee osteoarthritis: a population based cohort study

PLoS One 9:e91286. Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada BACKGROUND: Because […]

Development and application of a population-oriented measure of ambulatory care case-mix

Med Care 29:452-472. Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA This article describes a […]